Alzheimer’s is often thought of as a disease of the old, but the dice is heavily loaded against women as the risks are significantly higher for them. Nearly two-thirds of those diagnosed with Alzheimer’s are women, making early recognition of symptoms crucial.
While longer lifespans were once believed to be the main reason, new research highlights the role of hormonal shifts, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle factors in increasing vulnerability.
ABP News quizzed Dr. Vivek Barun, Consultant Neurology & Epilepsy at Artemis Hospitals, and here’s how he shed light on the early warning signs of Alzheimer’s in women, why they are more prone to the disease, and how proactive steps can help in managing brain health effectively.
Dr. Vivek Barun began by saying that Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory and cognitive function, is increasingly recognised as a gendered health concern. He pointed out that research indicates that nearly two-thirds of Alzheimer’s patients are women. This requires a specific understanding of how the disease may present in them. But it is not a sealed fate as early detection can make all the difference in the management of the disease and quality of life, he said.
Excerpts from the interview:
ABP: Why Are Women More Prone to Alzheimer’s?
Dr. Vivek Barun: This higher Alzheimer’s in women has mainly been considered as due to longer lifespan. However, recent studies suggest that even biological and hormonal factors influence it. Reduction in oestrogen after menopause can trigger alterations in the brain’s metabolism, causing higher vulnerability toward Alzheimer’s. Women tend to possess higher genetic vulnerability, such as APOE-e4, which also leads toward this disease.
ABP: “How can women distinguish between normal ageing and the early warning signs of Alzheimer’s, and when should they seek medical help?”
Dr. Vivek Barun: Here are the early symptoms to watch out for:
1. Memory Loss Beyond Normal Ageing
While forgetfulness is normal sometimes, poor and worsening memory might be a sign of Alzheimer’s. In women, it usually begins with forgotten conversations, appointments, and misplaced things. According to research that was published in 2021 in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, women patients show more severe and early memory loss in early stages than men.
2. Language and Communication Difficulties
In the initial stages of Alzheimer’s, women may struggle to find words or follow conversations. The language deficit is often noticeable in women who were excellent communicators, and this subtle change can be very significant. Observing such changes helps in early diagnosis.
3. Depression and Mood Swings
In women, early Alzheimer’s often presents with mood changes, including increased irritability, anxiety, or depression, which can occur even before other cognitive symptoms arise. Such mood changes can be due to changes in the brain or hormonal changes and are thus important early warning signs of the disease that should not be ignored.
4. Sleep Disturbances
Sleep disorders, for example insomnia or restless nights, can be an early warning sign. Beta-amyloid proteins accumulate in the brain and are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Risk factors include sleep disorders, more so in postmenopausal women, who may exacerbate the progression of the disease.
ABP: Does early detection, diagnosis, and intervention help?
Dr. Vivek Barun: Early diagnosis is very important for the effective management of Alzheimer’s. Detection capabilities are also being advanced through the use of tools such as brain imaging, cognitive tests, and blood biomarkers. The application of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans has been highly effective in identifying amyloid plaques. In addition, organisations like the Women’s Brain Health Initiative have been focusing on gender-specific aspects of Alzheimer’s and encouraging early recognition and intervention.
ABP: “What lifestyle changes can help women reduce their risk of Alzheimer’s or slow its progression?”
Dr. Vivek Barun: There are some prevention strategies that work for women. Although Alzheimer’s has not yet been curable, lifestyle changes can either delay its onset or slow down the progression. Experts recommend:
Cognitive Stimulation: Engaging in the activity of reading, doing puzzles, or learning a new skill stimulates the activity of the brain, which improves memory and cognitive reserve, thereby delaying the start or progression of Alzheimer’s.
Physical Activity: Regular aerobic exercises improve blood flow, enhance brain function, and stimulate the growth of new neurons, boosting cognitive health.
Balanced Diet: A Mediterranean diet including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids helps develop cognitive ability.
Hormone Health: Managing hormonal changes after menopause under the supervision of healthcare professionals.
In short, early detection of Alzheimer’s in women can be life-altering, ensuring that women receive care at the appropriate time and with the best outcomes. It addresses gender-specific risks and increases awareness to empower women to take charge of their brain health and live healthier, more fulfilling lives.
ALSO READ: Why Are Women More Prone To Bone And Joint Issues? A Doctor Explains
Check out below Health Tools-
Calculate Your Body Mass Index ( BMI )
